• Know your budget: Dedicate time to researching what’s out there and the average price of similar items.
• Ask questions: When first contacting the seller, don’t be afraid to ask a lot of questions:
  • How long have you had the item for?
  • Has the item had any faults you should be aware of?
  • Where was the item bought? Ideally the seller or the previous owner bought the item new.
  • Ask if there are any receipts or warranties.
• Be a time saver: It’s great to shop around to see what’s available in the community, just be respectful of other people’s time. Hold off meeting up with a seller until you’re serious about buying an item.
• Meet the seller: For personal ease and safety, arrange to meet locally in a busy public place if possible and take a friend or family member with you. Inspect the item for any damage.
• Negotiate fairly: Do your research and negotiate on a price you think is fair – not an unrealistic amount.
• Show up on time: If you’ve set a time to meet a seller, stick to the plan and show up on time. If you can’t make it, these things happen, just let the person know as soon as you can so they’re not left waiting.

·       Introduction

Four-wheel drives are very favourite to handle some of unforgiving African terrains from one community to another, even a country to another when doing a safari tour. Understanding how 4-wheel drive vehicles work and choosing which ones might suit you best can be bewildering, so we have prepared this ultimate guide to help you along the way.

·       What is a 4-Wheel Drive?

A 4-wheel drive is a vehicle that can be powered via all four wheels at the same time. This 4-wheel drive function can be full time, part time (on demand), or automatic.

Four-wheel drives are also known as 4x4s or 4WDs, while two-wheel drives are known as 4x2s or 2WDs. The first digit refers to the number of wheels (four in a 4×4), while the second digit refers to the number of wheels through which the vehicle is powered. In the case of the 4×4 or 4WD, it is powered through all four wheels.

There are many benefits to having a 4-wheel drive, especially if you are likely to travel on rugged terrain, whether for everyday use or the occasional trip across African regions or safari tour such as: East African community, Serengeti, Tanzania wild national parks.

Four-wheel drive vehicles provide excellent traction on all types of surfaces. They are particularly useful in snow and ice; on rocky, sandy, or gravelly road tracks; in gullies and ridges; and in very muddy areas. They can also be useful for passing through shallow water and climbing or descending steep hills.

·       Types of 4-Wheel Drive Systems

·       Considerations When Choosing a 4-Wheel Drive

There are many considerations to take into account when choosing a 4-wheel drive. The first question to address is whether you actually need one, as there are downsides as well as upsides to four-wheel drive ownership.

o   Expense

• Four-wheel drive vehicles are expensive to buy, and their fuel consumption, insurance, maintenance, and parts often cost more than on many other cars.
• The deeply-treaded rubber of 4-wheel drive tyres can look the part, but those heavy-duty tyres can be a liability on smoother roads and will wear quickly with regular braking on tarmac. Consider buying a pair of everyday wheels and tyres to maximize your safety and keep wear-and-tear costs to a minimum.

o   Reliability

• Because of their more complex drive system, 4WD vehicles can be more prone to breakdown. If you are buying a new 4×4, choose one with an extended warranty (most vehicles come with a three-year warranty as standard, but some brands offer five-year cover or even an unlimited-time warranty as long as the vehicle remains in the hands of the original buyer).

• Top tip:

• If you’re expecting to drive through deep water, choose a diesel engine over a petrol engine. A diesel engine with a snorkel will keep running even when it’s fully submerged.

o   Practicality

• With so much going on under the bonnet and around the chassis, a 4WD can be compromised for interior space, despite its exterior size. Consider the practicality of parking, too, and be sure to choose one that will fit into your parking or garage space.

o   Safety

• While 4-wheel drives can provide more traction when starting from a stop or climbing hills in tough road or weather conditions, that does not mean that have increased traction around turns. The traction that keeps the 4WD moving in a straight line will not help you if you take a turn too fast on mud, snow, or ice.

o   Comfort

• Whether you are behind the wheel or in the rear passenger seat, you will want to travel in comfort whenever possible. With so many models to choose from, it is worth testing a selection before you buy to make sure you find one that meets your needs. A rugged workhorse might not be the ideal choice for family cruising, while a fashion-focused brand may not give you the performance you need on heavy terrain.

·       Safety Certificates, Registration, Inspections, and Test Drives

o   Test Drives

• Whenever you are buying a new or used car, carrying out a test drive is critical. With a 4-wheel drive this is even more important, as you need to make sure that all the systems work on different types of terrain.

• Always fire the engine from cold so that you can identify any issues with starting. Select each gear one by one before you move away to ensure that the gears shift smoothly from one to another.

• As you drive, listen out for unusual sounds from the engine, and check the dashboard regularly for warning lights and fluctuations in the temperature or oil gauges. Test the brakes both while driving slowly and at speed, and if the car has part-time or automatic 4WD, test it in each of its different functions.

o   Inspections

• Either before or after your test drive, it is wise to carry out a detailed inspection of the vehicle’s driving and safety systems. Inspect the bodywork from front to back to see whether the lines are straight and true, and look carefully for any signs of colour variation, both of which might indicate that the vehicle has previously been in an accident.

• Check that the door and window seals are tight. This is particularly important if you will be using your four-wheel drive on rough, muddy, or wet terrain, when you want to be sure you are well protected from the elements.

• The best time to inspect a car is in bright daylight, and if you are buying from an individual you should always try to visit them at their home. This can give you the reassurance you need that the seller has nothing to hide.

o   Safety Certificates and Registration

• Check that the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) plates under the bonnet of the 4-wheel drive are the same as those listed on the registration papers and that the date of manufacture fits with the owner’s description.

• Check with you country’s government regulations on cars, some African states require used cars to be sold with a safety certificate if sold by a private owner or import documents are complete if sold by a dealer or an importer. Other countries might be laissez-fair type, so be sure to double check this before purchasing.

·       Where to Buy Your 4-Wheel Drive

There are various options when it comes to purchasing a new or used four-wheel drive. Buying through online classified ads sites or car dealers are popular choices. An online classified ads site like UmojaAA provides a massive selection to help find the model that best meets your needs, and is particularly suitable if you are looking for a used model.

If you are looking to buy a used 4-wheel drive, you can buy directly from the current owner by responding to an ad in an online classified ads site, or if there is one being auctioned.

While buying from an individual is usually cheaper, be sure to check out the vehicle’s registration and ownership records. You also should inspect the car thoroughly, as it will not come with a warranty.

Dealership sales may offer a warranty, but they generally are more expensive as a result.

·       How to Buy a 4-Wheel Drive on UmojaAA

UmojaAA is a highly-popular online classified ad site for both buyers and sellers, so it has a tremendous number of 4-wheel drive listings at bargain prices. In addition to being a source of good car deals, UmojaAA is a great starting point for researching the different types of 4-wheel drives on the market, and it gives you a good feel for the features and prices of the various models available.

To view all the available four-wheel drives, you can search for ‘four-wheel drive’ or use this quick link to view the search directly.

Once you have decided on your preferred model, you can search for it directly, for instance typing ‘Toyota LandCruiser Prado’ into the search box.

To narrow down your search to models that are located in your area, add your preferred follow through other available filters on UmojaAA site.

Buying a four-wheel drive can be a big investment that also can have a positive impact on your life. Take reasonable steps to find the model that suits your lifestyle best, ensure that the vehicle is in the condition you expect, and you can look forward to a happy future of off-road motoring.

• Introduction

Buying a used car can be an excellent way of securing the car of your dreams without the price tag of a brand-new model. A well-looked-after used car that is only a year or two old typically affords better value for money than a new one, and if you are on a tight budget, buying an older used car can mean the difference between getting yourself mobile or not.

• Types of Used Cars

A good starting point is looking over a general guide of the wide range of vehicle categories, models, and styles on offer.

Types of Cars
Passenger Cars	Light Small Medium Large Sports Hybrid Luxury
SUVs and People-Carriers	SUV-Small (Compact) SUV-Medium SUV-Large SUV-Luxury People-Carriers
Commercial Vehicles	Vans Utes (2WD) Utes (4WD) Buses Trucks

• Vehicle Inspections on a Used Car

Inspecting your used car prior to purchase is an important part of the process. Pictures are no replacement for viewing a vehicle first hand and driving it yourself, so do make the time to inspect your chosen car or van in person. It is advisable to have the car assessed by an independent motoring organisation or a local mechanic for any visible or potential problems.

Here are some handy hints for carrying out a car inspection:

• Always view the car in daylight.
• Check for dents, scratches or rust on the bodywork.
• Look out for signs of welding, which may indicate that the vehicle has been damaged in a collision.
• Check the oil level – plenty of oil indicates that the owner has taken good care of the car.
• Ensure the tyres are in good condition.
• Check that the front wheels align perfectly with those at the rear – misalignment can indicate a twisted chassis.
• Make sure the seatbelts and all other safety equipment are in full working order.
• Start the car from cold.
• Take it for a test drive, checking steering, braking, gears, clutch.
• Trust your instincts. How does it look and feel? If you have reservations, they are probably well founded!
• If you are buying privately, ensure you visit the seller at their home address, and that this address is the same as the address on the registration certificate.
• There are several other items you can do yourself, such as checking that the car has no money owing on it. Cross check the details on the registration certificate against the VIN, chassis, and engine numbers to be sure they match.

• How to Buy a Used Car on UmojaAA

UmojaAA offers a very wide range of vehicles to choose from and is a popular source for those looking to buy the best used car for the lowest price. For an idea of the full range of used cars on offer, simply search for ‘used cars’.

Download the UmojaAA mobile app to easily find the right car for you and when you have the right car in mind, save your car search with UmojaAA Saved Search to receive a weekly notification of specific cars being listed near you.

To find a used car near you, search by city, state or area, for instance ‘Mwnza’. You can hone your search by selecting a specific model, such as a Mercedes Benz, or by searching for a certain type like a convertible.

UmojaAA lists thousands of used cars from a variety of individual sellers and dealerships across the continent. If you are buying a used car, be sure to carry out sufficient checks to satisfy yourself as to its ownership and condition. Make your selection well and you will be driving the car of your dreams for many years to come.

·       Introduction

Gone are the days of camera film and dark rooms. These days almost all photography is done using digital cameras with the help of digital photography programs and apps – though that is not to say that the choices are any more straightforward.   There are more Canon cameras on the market today than ever, from basic point-and-shoot cameras to complex DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) models with interchangeable lenses and powerful zoom capabilities. It might seem that choosing a new one can be daunting but armed with the right information it is easier than you think to find the type of camera that’s right for you.

·       Canon Camera Types

The key differentiating factor between cameras on the market today is whether they are ‘point-and-shoot’ models or sophisticated DSLRs with all the trimmings. Thinking about how you want to use your camera is the first and main consideration when deciding which to choose.

·       Canon DSLR Cameras

If you are a professional photographer or your job relies on your use of a camera, you will want to invest in a model that is capable of delivering high quality shots in any potential setting, so likely you will need some model of Canon DSLR.   Similarly, if you are a keen amateur photographer who is interested in taking high-quality photos, experimenting with photographic effects, or wanting to manually adjust aperture, shutter speed, or other settings, you will be best-served considering a more sophisticated model like a DSLR as well.   Of course, if you want the ability to use a variety of high-quality, powerful lenses, a DSLR is the way to go.

·       Canon Point-and-Shoot Cameras

Alternatively you may be looking to buy a camera simply for everyday use, for instance to capture photos of your children, holidays, or family events. In this case a Canon point-and-shoot camera could be the perfect option. Maybe you want a less-bulky (yet still powerful) camera that you can slide in your pocket or purse on the go. Point-and-shoots fit that bill perfectly.   Despite their simplicity, Canon point-and-shoot cameras boast powerful zoom features to capture objects at various distances, excellent autofocus capabilities for trouble-free focusing and added features such as video recording to ensure you never miss those magic moments.   When choosing your Canon camera, be sure that it is practical for your needs. Consider the size and weight of the camera, as well as how accessible it is – how easily you can pull it out and snap off a shot to capture a fleeting moment in a hurry.   One item that is easy to overlook is making sure the menus and functions are intuitive and easy for you to use. There is no point in having extensive functionality if you don’t know how to use it – or where to find it.

Canon Features

There are several key camera features it is good to understand when you are comparing various Canon camera models:

1. ? what is a Resolution

2. ?️ what is Lenses

3. ? sensor size/type

4. ? Light sensitivity

5. ? physical Appearance

6. ? Display Quality

7. ?  Stabilisation

8. ? Battery

9. ?  Shooting Rate

10. ?  Video Featuring

11. ? GPS & Dating

12. ?  Data Transferring

Canon Camera Models

Canon is one of the world’s leading camera manufacturers, and they offer a large variety of models to meet every need and budget. At the lower end of the market, theCanon IXUS 160 is typical of an entry-level model. It is compact, slim, easy to use, and comes with a 2.7 inch LCD screen and 8x optical zoom.   Moving up the scale, theCanon PowerShot G7X boasts a large 1.0-type sensor, WiFi technology, and full HD recording for high-quality video.

There is a wide range of Canon DSLR camera models available, such as the Canon EOS  70D that has continuous shooting functionality, WiFi, ISO sensitivity to 25,600 and a touchscreen monitor.

For professional use consider something like the Canon EOS-1D X DSLR, which shoots 14 frames per second (FPS) with an ISO rating of 50-51,200, 61-point AF, and enhanced HD video. All DSLR cameras can accommodate different lenses, opening up a wide spectrum of accessories for your Canon camera.

Should You Buy a New or Used Camera?

The decision whether to buy a new or used Canon camera rests on your needs and budget.   Buying a used model can save money and allow you to buy a camera with higher specifications than you might have been able to afford if you bought it new. The downside, of course, is that you may not know how well the camera has been looked after.   Buying a new camera means you get one fresh from the manufacturer, but that “new camera feeling” comes at a higher price.   Whether you choose new or used, be sure to check the specifications of your Canon camera carefully to ensure it meets your needs. For newer models you can find the information on the manufacturer’s website, while with an older model you may want to verify if the previous owner saved the box and instruction manual.

Looking After Your Canon Camera

Taking photographs is all about precision, so it is important to make sure your Canon camera is well maintained. Clean the LCD and viewfinder regularly so that your point of vision is clear and no dust particles creep into the main camera body.   Cleaning the lens is particularly important – but it must be done with care. If your camera uses a detachable lens, remove the lens before cleaning so you can clean both ends. Otherwise simply clean the lens in situ. A microfibre cleaning cloth is ideal for this, but do make sure you blow away any small particles first to avoid the possibility of scratching the lens.   If you have been to the beach, always wipe your camera with a slightly damp cloth to minimise the corrosive effects of salt.

How to Buy a Canon Camera on UmojaAA

With a wide selection of both used and new Canon cameras, UmojaAA makes the perfect starting point to do your research and save money when you buy.   If you are still deciding which model or type of camera to buy, you can make a broad search for “cameras” to view the full range currently available. Clicking on this link will take you directly to the results page: HERE.

If you are looking for a specific camera model or type, you can find it easily by typing in a more specific search term such as “point and shoot cameras” or “Canon EOS 6d”.   You can also hone your search to a particular area by selecting your preferred location in the location box – you can choose a state or a country, a broad geographical area, a city, or even a particular location within a city, such as ‘Nairobi, Kenya’ REHE

Consider your needs realistically, do your research thoroughly, make your choice carefully and you are certain to find the perfect camera to create the images you want.

·       Introduction

Everyone loves convertibles. Stylish, sporty, and sophisticated, they are the ultimate statement cars. So if you are looking to buy yourself a convertible, what should you look for, what are the pros and cons, and where should you go to buy it?

Pros and Cons of Convertibles

Types of Convertibles

There are three main types of convertible cars:

Types of Convertible
Type	Features
Roadsters	Roadsters tend to be compact, sporty, and fast. A roadster is all about performance, less about comfort and practicality. Roadsters are two-seaters and are limited for space inside and in the boot.
Standard Convertibles	Standard convertibles offer more space than roadster and are usually able to accommodate two or three people in the rear seat – albeit without much legroom. These are the best option for everyday use or family runabouts that still have the wow factor.
Upscale and Luxury Convertibles	Luxury convertibles are where performance and comfort meet. They tend to be of a high specification with a comfortable interior and lots of upscale appointments. Expect to find these with a hard top mobilized by push-button retraction, heated seats, and lots of features on the dash.

• Factors in Choosing the Right Convertible

Soft or Hard Top?

In the past, soft-top convertibles were the only option, but these days there are many hard-top convertibles to choose from, too. There are downsides to choosing a soft top, such as increased security risk, more road noise and, in some cases, the need to retract the top manually (though there are many automatic retractable soft tops on the market now).

Convertible hard tops either may be retractable or completely removable. Removable hard tops can be heavy and awkward to remove, so they often need two people to remove, but they offer more protection than soft tops when they are in place. At the top end of the convertible spectrum, retractable hard tops are the ultimate solution, although they tend to be more costly and can take up a surprising amount of boot space when retracted.

Two Seats or Four?

The decision of two seats or four will depend on how you plan to use your car. If you are looking for an everyday runabout, you may want to consider the limitations of only being able to seat one passenger. On the other hand, if you are looking for a statement sports car for weekend runs in the sun, a two-seater may be just what you need.

New or Used Convertibles?

Naturally, price will be an important factor in your decision to buy any convertible. As with all cars, different brands come with different price tags. However, more than any other factor, usually the age of the convertible will affect the price of your chosen vehicle.

There are many benefits to buying a new convertible if you can afford it. New cars come with extensive warranties (usually for three or even five years), and you will be able to specify your preferred colour, trim, and accessories. Buying new does mean, however, that you are exposed to more rapid and pronounced depreciation than with a second-hand car.

Buying a used convertible may be the ideal option if your convertible budget is limited or you want to get more car for your cash. Whatever your price bracket, there should be plenty of choice, both from dealerships and via private sales direct from current owners. The downside of buying a used car is that you have less protection if there are any problems.

Convertible Prices

The price of convertibles varies widely depending on the brand, specifications, and age. Do bear in mind that it will often cost considerably more to buy a convertible than to buy the same car model with a fixed roof.

Power and Fuel Economy of Convertibles

Convertibles come with a wide range of engines. Four-cylinder engines typically will give greater fuel economy, but they may be lacking a little in the power department. If you are looking for sports performance, then something a little more powerful will be in order.

Real sports performance comes in a small car with a big engine such as a V8. This will give you speed and acceleration – though it will do so at a price in the form of fuel economy. Perhaps the best compromise comes in the form of a six-cylinder engine, which delivers a compelling combination of power and economy.

Due to their sportier nature, most convertibles come with manual transmission as standard, but there are some automatic models on the market too. Traditionally, manual cars delivered greater fuel economy. Today, however, that is not always the case, as there are several excellent automatics offering comparable performance and economy.

When Is the Best Time to Buy a Convertible?

If you want to buy a brand-new convertible, the choice of when to buy may depend on whether you are looking for the latest or you’re angling for a model that is due to be updated.

The benefits of both are clear:  you can either be one of the first drivers to secure the new model, or alternatively you can secure one of the last versions of the previous model at a discount.  If you are buying a used convertible, buying in a rainy season when fewer people are thinking about driving with the roof down can be a good way of bagging a bargain.

Inspecting Convertible Cars in Person

When you inspect a vehicle it is always important to do so with care, and this is even more important when it comes to buying a convertible. Convertibles have specific features that do not apply to solid-top cars, such as their mechanisms for retracting the roof and their safety in crash conditions.

Start by giving the car a close inspection by eye. Look for straight lines along the bodywork and chassis. Check the paintwork carefully for any signs of the car having been damaged or re-sprayed, which might indicate that it has been in a collision.

Pay particular attention to the doors and bumpers, as they are most prone to damage when a car has a bump. Other signs of damage to look for are difficulty in opening and closing the doors or boot, or scraping/bumping noises when you do so.

Take a good look at the state of the interior. If the upholstery has been well looked after, the chances are better that everything beneath the bonnet also has been. Take the time to sit in the car and carefully inspect the dash, window seals, and door seals.

Retract the roof, either using its automatic mechanism or manually, according to the make of the convertible. If the roof is already off when you arrive, insist on replacing it so that you can check its condition thoroughly and ensure it fits tightly and completely.

Test Drive the Car

Always carry out a test drive when buying a car. Make sure you have the opportunity to start the car from cold, not just warm, because if the car has engine problems they are most likely to be apparent when starting the engine from cold. Check the brakes, clutch, gears, and dashboard features to ensure all are in good working order.

How to Buy a Convertible on UmojaAA.

Buying a convertible is a big decision, so you want to be sure you are making the right choice. UmojaAA is an excellent destination, both for research information and a large selection of convertibles to choose from if are listed. Convertible cars on UmojaAA are available direct from the owner or via reputable car dealerships, and there are thousands of models available to suit every taste and budget.

Enter ‘convertible’ in the search box at the top of any UmojaAA page to view the full range of available convertibles, or use this link to jump straight to the most up-to-date search results.

You can hone your searches according to model, for instance by typing in ‘Nissan 370Z Z34’. Additionally login  or subscribe to UmojaAA to utilise the save search feature to send yourself weekly/daily/fortnightly price alerts on any models that have been listed, that you are looking to purchase.

Alternatively, you, if you already a member user to UmojaAA, you can post an Ad (wanted) of exact model of convertible you are searching for; the sellers would easily reach out to you.

Once you have found the car of your dreams, don’t forget to give it a thorough inspection to ensure the best chances of trouble-free motoring ahead.

·       Introduction

People play guitar for a lot of reasons. For some it’s for the scientifically-proven health benefits, such as lower stress levels, cardiovascular health, and even mental health. For others it’s the innate magnetic draw musicians have on the opposite sex (which also happens to be scientifically proven). Most players, however, buy guitars for the pure enjoyment of playing music and having a good time with friends or family.

No matter whether you’ve been playing the guitar for years or are just a beginner, you’ll need to consider a few things to find the right guitar for you. There are many questions to answer:  Which kind of guitar should you look for? How much should you spend? Is brand all that matters?

If you follow the guidance below you’ll have a good idea what to look for when buying a guitar, whether it’s your first, second, or tenth. Considering that, at any given time, there are several new and used acoustic, electric, and acoustic-electric guitars likely to be listed on UmojaAA, your choices are fantastic – but can get pretty confusing. A little guidance should clear that up.

·       What Kind of Music Do You Want to Play?

The first thing you should consider is what kind of music you want to play. This may also be your most important consideration, especially if you are just learning the guitar. After all, if you like the music you’re learning, you’re more likely to practice and get good enough to show off to your friends and family.

So ask yourself:  Are you a rock ’n roller looking for an electric guitar, or do you prefer folk music, gospel and classical guitar? Perhaps a better question would be, “Who are your guitar heroes?”

If you’re not sure what you like, or your tastes run across the musical spectrum, acoustic-electric guitars are something of a hybrid between the two. They have the mellow tones of an acoustic, but with the pickups for connecting to an amplifier.

New or Used?

When looking at the difference between new and used guitars, there are a couple trade-offs.

New guitars, fresh from the factory, are usually more expensive. However, it is virtually guaranteed that they’ll tune and play well. Plus, if something goes wrong, the warranty will cover it.

Used guitars are usually less expensive, naturally, so they’re an excellent option to get great sound at a more affordable price. However, they usually don’t come with any kind of warranty, especially if you’re buying from a private party.

When buying a used guitar, bring along a friend who really knows guitars who can help you determine if there are any problems with the guitar you’re considering and if you’re getting a good deal.

If you’re looking at buying a used electric guitar, make sure to plug it in and play through an amplifier before purchasing to ensure the pickups are still working well.

Guitar Size, Feel and Useful Accessories

Guitars come in different sizes, including different-size bodies, neck width, and overall size, so choose what fits your body, feel, and situation the best. Younger people, with their shorter arms and fingers, may have a hard time learning on a full-size guitar, for example. Look for a guitar that’s comfortable to hold and play in both sitting and standing positions. If it doesn’t feel right, maybe a different guitar size or style will suit you better. Keep looking until you find something you’re comfortable with and really like.

Don’t get swayed by expensive add-ons such as hand-tooled leather straps or a special case. Focus your purchasing factors (and your money) on the guitar itself, and look for the best-quality guitar in the best condition that you can afford.

Other guitar accessories, like fancy cases, straps, and tuners, can always come later. Perhaps the first things you should buy for your new guitar, if it doesn’t come with them, is a good case, a new set of strings, and a basic tuner.

Expert Tips

We’ve asked the experts for their advice on what you should look for when buying a guitar.

Here’s what the experts had to say:

Join a Facebook group for guitarists or a guitar forum, create a post stating how much you want to spend, what kind of guitar you want (electric, acoustic) and what kind of genres of music you like to play. There are always plenty of guitarists happy to help out.

Beware of fakes! Now this is a tricky one especially if you haven’t been playing guitar for long, some of the Chinese Gibson & Ibanez fakes are very convincing until you get them in your hands. If you are serious about buying an instrument Google articles on how to check for fakes, if you are worried ask the seller for the serial number and try and verify with the manufacturer. Generally, if something seems too good to be true, it probably is!
Know the Market. It is very easy to get carried away when you see a guitar you really want but make sure you have researched thoroughly first to ensure that you are getting a bargain. Is the model new? Old? About to be replaced by version X announced? If so you may have a good case to haggle.
Finally, very important, does the guitar include a case or gig bag? Every guitar should include at least a decent padded gig bag!

FIT & FINISH

As they say, ‘The Devil is in the detail’. Particularly when purchasing an instrument at lower price points, it’s important to look for small imperfections that could have a big impact on how the guitar performs long term.

Pay particular attention to how the frets are finished, are they smooth along the edge of the neck? Poorly finished frets can have sharp or rough ends, also check that frets are seated and dressed correctly by playing up and down the neck of the guitar; frets that are not seated or dressed correctly can cause strings to buzz. A good value budget guitar should still have great finishes.

BUDGET

It’s always a good idea when purchasing a new guitar to keep in mind the intended use and ability of the player when setting your budget. Experienced players who are regularly playing live in front of an audience will most likely be looking for a more expensive instrument, where every effort has been made in the design and construction to produce a superior sound. For these players, the sound of the guitar as well as its durability will be the most important factors.

Beginner guitarists may wish to start with a cheaper instrument that still has all the features that they require but, when amplified, may not produce a sound that is as rich and dynamic as their more expensive counterparts.

When thinking of budget you should also factor in the accessories that most guitar players will need, the most important of these being. . .

Guitar Strap

Tuner

Guitar Picks

Amplifier and Cable

Buying a Guitar on UmojaAA

Now that you’ve figured out what kind of guitar you’re looking for and how much you want to spend, your list has probably shrunken to a manageable size. Now what?

Take the time to sit down, tune the guitar, and play a few chords and riffs. If you’re just learning, take along your teacher or friend who knows guitars to help you out. They’ll be able to hear the subtle differences that separate a good guitar from one that’s bad or just ok.

As you should with any musical instrument, especially used ones, listen for anything that sounds non-musical, such as buzzing and rattling sounds. Excessive scratches, warped bodies and necks, or missing parts are probably indicative of a guitar that’s met some negligence and abuse and is not worth your time as a buyer.

You can find specific guitar brands or models by being more specific in your search, such as ‘Fender American Standard Telecaster’. If you need guitar amplifiers or other accessories, you can find them easily.

• Introduction

Since its inception, the Apple iPad has been an icon, the tablet against which other tablets are measured. Today it remains one of the best tablets on the market, providing users with computing power and access to an incredible number of apps at home and on the go.

Increased memory capacities and new iPad iterations such as the iPad Mini have added to the number of purchase options, broadening their utility and demographic. While this has made it easier to find an iPad that suits your needs, it also has made it more difficult to choose which one. However, once you decide the iPad is the right tool for you, with a little guidance through the options and decisions you will find the perfect fit.

• Choosing an iPad

When taking into account factors such as screen size, memory capacity, colour, and other options, well over 50 combinations of iPad are available from Apple.  Finding and selecting the right iPad starts with understanding some of the basic differences between the devices.

Save Money by Not Buying More iPad than You Need

For great savings, shoppers can narrow down their choices by excluding the iPad models that provide more screen size, memory, and features than they need from a tablet.

For example, a person wanting an iPad to access the Internet, check email, or read books at home or in other places with Wi-Fi connectivity would do very well with the most affordable iPads that come with Wi-Fi capability and less memory.

People wanting those same things on the go or in places with no Wi-Fi would want to opt for iPad models with both Wi-Fi and the added cellular connectivity to keep them connected wherever they happen to be, and they can still save good money by not buying extra memory they don’t need.

On the other hand, someone that needs connectivity both at home and on the go and will use the iPad for business, heavy processing, gaming, or lots of apps would be best served with the iPad models at the upper end of the cost scale that include both connectivity types and have lots of memory. However, this person can still save money if he is only going to use the iPad at home and can dispense with the cellular capability.

With so many variations of the iPad to choose from, shoppers using forethought and giving an honest evaluation of their day-to-day use can get exactly what they need without having to pay more than they must.

iPad Generations

As with most tech devices, the iPad has been released in successive generations, each of which has added something new to the iPad’s capabilities – and sometimes to the digital landscape.

The original iPad lacked some features that would become standard in later generations, such as its front and rear facing cameras. While this means that the older iPads have fewer features, it also makes older iPad generations a great – and inexpensive – option for those seeking a basic, no-nonsense tablet device.

One of the biggest generational changes happened with Apple’s introduction of the retina display in the third generation iPad, which added high-definition (HD) capability to the device. The retina display provides higher pixel density, making it better for watching videos, viewing photographs, working with graphics programs, playing games, and performing other tasks that were optimised in high definition. Those in search of an iPad for use in artistic applications, video editing, or gaming may favour generations that have retina display over other models.

The iPad Mini was another generational change, a smaller device designed to compete with the “phablets” (mobile phones with extra-large screens) and small-screen tablets introduced by other tech companies, such as the smaller versions of the Samsung Galaxy Tabs.

After Apple’s line of MacBook Air ultraportable laptops was a success, they discontinued the iPad 4^th Generation iPad and introduced a new generation:  the iPad Air. The iPad Air has the exact same display as the previous iPad – 9.7 inches, IPS LED-backlit, 2018×1536 pixels – but it is thinner and lighter.

If you’re looking at it in portrait mode, the iPad Air is 0.1 inch shorter in height, 0.71 inch slimmer in width, 0.08 inch thinner in depth, and has thinner side bezels. While the small numbers may seem negligible, they add up – or slim down – to an iPad Air that’s almost 230g lighter than the previous generation and feels great in your hands.

iPad Accessories

There are numerous iPad accessories available that allow owners to protect or get more use out of their devices. Many accessories are manufactured by Apple, such as their Smart Covers, though many third-party manufacturers have produced top-level accessories for the device.

When shopping for an iPad, buyers are encouraged to determine what accessories they will need to get full functionality from it. By incorporating the price of those accessories into the price of the iPad itself, buyers can get a better idea of the full cost they can expect to pay to get started.

iPad Smart Covers

Manufactured by Apple, Smart Covers connect magnetically to the iPad to provide users with superior protection for their device. The Smart Cover’s technology allows it to wake the device up and turn it off when the cover is opened or closed. Smart Covers are available in a variety of colours, including:

• Black
• White
• Pink
• Yellow
• Blue
• Green
• Red

In addition to their line of Smart Covers, Apple also sells iPad covers that contain keyboards, enhancing the usability of the device. While Smart Covers and other accessories typically are sold separately from the iPad, buyers will often find them bundled together with both new and used iPads.

Standard iPad Peripherals

Numerous devices serve to make the iPad more functional and easier to use, both at home and on the go. When shopping, buyers can consider purchasing these items to enhance their experience with the iPad:

• Additional iPad headphones with greater capabilities, better sound, or both
• iPad chargers and docks
• Wireless keyboard and/or mouse
• Stands
• Docking, wired, or Bluetooth iPad speakers
• Styluses

Business and Office Accessories for iPads

Several accessories designed for the iPad transform it into a multifunctional business and office tool. Some business and office options include:

• Smart pens
• Wireless and Bluetooth headsets
• Credit card readers
• Printers and media scanners

Music Creation Accessories

The iPad has become a hot commodity in the world of digital music creation, so quite a few accessories have been produced to make it even easier to create music on your device. Some music-creation accessories include:

• Microphones
• Mixing stations
• Digital instruments
• Stand adaptors

Toy and Hobby iPad Accessories

The number of fun toy and hobby accessories designed for use with the iPad is seemingly endless. These include everything from iPad-controlled cars and drones to wireless controllers for playing iPad games.

You can find many iPad accessories sold in bundles for utility and cost savings that can save you a significant amount of money over buying iPad peripherals individually. If you purchase a bundle of iPad accessories or peripherals, be sure to verify whether they are made by Apple or a third-party manufacturer. If they are made by a third party manufacturer, be sure to check out the reputation and reviews of the products from that company or companies to make sure you are satisfied with their quality and your purchase.

By looking into the various iPad accessories available for your needs, you can be sure to get the most out of your iPad.

How to Buy an iPad on UmojaAA

If you would like to peruse the entire selection of iPads on UmojaAA, all you have to do is type “iPads” in the search box that sits at the top of every page. Even easier, you can just click this iPad link:  Compare.

If you are looking for something more specific, or a particular iPad model, simply be more specific with the search terms you type in. For example, you could type in the search “iPad Air 2 64GB” (Search).

On the other hand, if you need iPad accessories to set your tablet up right, you can type in “iPad accessories”, or, even more specific, something like “iPad cases” (Search)

Happy Shopping at UmojaAA

• Introduction

Whether you are on the hunt for a great everyday mobile phone or the latest cutting-edge smartphone, there are many options at your fingertips when you’re looking for a new phone.

However, buying a mobile phone requires more than just research and knowledge of the phone itself. Buyers must take into account factors including how they wish to pay for their mobile service, how they will use the phone, the functionality they require, and – sometimes most importantly – where they live in relation to mobile phone coverage areas, as standard mobile service does not reach some remote locations in Africa.

• Buying Mobile Phones on UmojaAA

There are many ways to get the ideal phone for a great price, especially when browsing listings for mobile phones and accessories on UmojaAA. The heady combination of UmojaAA’s vast selection of new and used phones and low prices are competitive.

To get a broad overview of all the mobile phones on UmojaAA, you simply type ‘mobile phones‘ into the search box that is at the top of every UmojaAA page.

If you want to browse to look over the listings of a particular phone type, or if you are looking for a specific model, just use more specific search terms such as ‘Android phones‘ or ‘Iphone7 Plus‘.

If you need some mobile phone accessories so your phone is exactly how you like it, you can simply click through the category navigation at the top of the screen or just type ‘mobile phone accessories‘ into the search box below them.

And once you’ve purchased your new phone, you can download the UmojaAA mobile app to make shopping for all your favourite items even easier than ever.

• Getting a Good Deal on a Mobile Phone

Getting the best deal possible on a mobile phone purchase comes down to one thing: research. UmojaAA is an incredible resource, not just for finding both new and used phones and unlocked versions of top sellers such as the iPhone and Samsung Galaxy, but also for gaining tons of information on the wide variety of features and benefits to compare what is available.

Local pickup also helps save on shipping costs and gets new phones into buyers’ hands even faster. Easy online transactions with services such as PayPal Or Mobile Money options are due to be introduced soon on UmojaAA.

• Budgeting for a Phone

Remember that the costs of mobile phone ownership do not end with the phone purchase. Take into account the plans that are available for various use levels of any phone to get a more accurate idea of the true monthly costs of using them. Smartphones that consume large amounts of data can be expensive to operate..

Be sure also to include the cost of any necessary mobile phone accessories you need, especially when buying a used phone. Mobile phone chargers and similar accessories can be expensive, especially when it comes to devices such as the iPhone, though you typically can find accessories at deeply discounted prices on UmojaAA.

• Types of Mobile Phones

As a starting point, buyers should first consider which type of mobile phone best suits their needs. Most mobile phones can be divided into one of three categories: conventional mobile phones, smartphones, and new mobile phone/tablet hybrids known as “phablets.”  Naturally, each has its own benefits and drawbacks.

It is important to note that not all types of mobile phones fit into just one category. Some smartphones can be found on pre-paid plans, and there are some conventional “flip” style mobile phones that provide more connectivity than others to games, apps, and even satnav.

With a little searching and a willingness to concede certain points, most buyers can easily find phones they prefer that offer them the things they need in a mobile device.

Mobile Phone Features

There is such a large variety of mobile phones that models can come with any of a number of features. While some features are simply a luxury, some may be a necessity in terms of functionality for some users.

Some standard options in mobile phones include:

• Touch screens
• Keyboards
• Cameras
• Wi-Fi connectivity
• Internet browsing
• Voice recognition
• Bluetooth connectivity
• Fingerprint scanners
• Waterproofing
• Gyroscopic sensors

While shopping, mobile phone buyers are advised to think about their needs and how they will use the phone day-to-day to know what they want in terms of functionality, as well as which design features (such as a standard keyboard) are musts and which ones are luxuries.

Smartphone Operating Systems

If buying a smartphone, one of the biggest decisions buyers must make is choosing the operating system they prefer. Most smartphones on the market run on one of four platforms: iOS (Apple-based), Android (Google), Windows (Microsoft), or Blackberry (RIM – Research in Motion).

For fans of specific types of phones, such as the Apple iPhone or Samsung Galaxy, the choice will be easy. But most buyers may want to compare and contrast the different operating systems to determine which is best for their needs. Each system has its own benefits and drawbacks.

Regardless of the option chosen, it is important to ensure that the mobile phone the buyer purchases will work with their plan of choice. Buyers should double-check to find out if the mobile phones they are interested in are available on their plan, or if they have been unlocked for use on any mobile plan.

Mobile Network Availability

Research is always beneficial when purchasing any mobile phone or investing in any phone service plan. There are several mandatory consideration buyers must bear in mind while shopping for mobile devices:

• Will the device work on a network that covers the area they live in?
• Does the network provide broad coverage for areas the buyer will travel in?
• Will a mobile antenna be required to use the phone properly?

Satellite Mobile Phones

Those who live in remote locations or who do not receive standard coverage will likely need to shop for an alternative to the standard mobile phone, such as a satellite mobile phone. Current generations of satellite mobile phones can accomplish many of the same tasks as standard mobile phones, including the sending and receiving of texts. They can be a valuable option for those not covered within the standard range of city’s primary mobile networks.

Buying Unlocked Phones

Unlocked phones are available from many of the biggest brands, including Apple’s line of iPhones, Samsung’s line of Galaxy devices, and Nokia, among others.

The benefits of opting for an unlocked mobile phone are numerous, regardless of the type of phone and the type of contract a buyer opts for. For example, people who have unlocked phones can change their mobile network and plan of choice by simply removing their old SIM card from one mobile phone service company and replacing it with one from another.

When purchasing a mobile phone, regardless of whether it is new or used, buyers should be aware of whether of the phone is unlocked.

Mobile Phone Accessories

While shopping for mobile phones, many buyers may want to take the time to search for the mobile phone accessories available for their phones to get fuller functionality from their devices.

When purchasing mobile phones, especially used phones from private sellers, the phone may come with any of a variety of accessories. Buyers should consider these options to get the most out of their device:

• Chargers, cables, and adapters
• Headsets
• Covers and Cases
• Screen Protectors
• Styluses
• Car mounts

• Introduction

Buying a distressed property such as a deceased estate or foreclosure property can be an excellent way of securing a home or commercial property at below market rate. Whether you buy a deceased estate or a foreclosure, it is important to understand the ins and outs of the property buying process in your jurisdiction in order to get the best results.

• What is a Deceased Estate?

A deceased estate is the collection of possessions belonging to an individual upon their death. This will include the contents of their home, the home itself if it was solely owned by them, and any other items or investments they may have had.

Usually when someone dies they leave a will expressing what they would like to happen with their possessions and appointing an executor to oversee the process, although some people die ‘across countries’, or without having made a will. In this case, understand your country’s procedures such as: letters of administration need to be granted in order to begin the process of passing down or selling the estate.

Property that forms part of a deceased estate often comes up for sale. This may be because there is no-one to whom it should be left or because there are debts against the estate or the property itself. If the house is in need of renovations or a quick sale is required, buying a deceased estate can be a good way of obtaining a bargain.

• What is a Foreclosure Property?

A foreclosure property is a property that has been repossessed by the mortgage lender because the mortgagee has failed to make their repayments on their home loan. The lender has the right to begin repossession proceedings once three repayments in a row have been missed.

When a foreclosure occurs, the lender’s priority is to sell the property as quickly as possible. This is because selling quickly can often be less costly in the long run than holding onto a vacant property for several months while attempting to sell it for the highest possible price.

Foreclosures provide excellent opportunities to buy homes for less than market value. It is also possible to buy property at the pre-foreclosure stage, once the process is underway but before the property reverts to the ownership of the bank. While this can take a little more work and negotiation, there may be less competition from other potential buyers if the property has not yet made it to the open market.

• Pros and Cons of Buying a Deceased Estate or Foreclosure Property

Deceased estates and foreclosure properties are often referred to as ‘distressed property’. There are pros and cons to buying a distressed property.

Buying Deceased Estates or Foreclosure Property

Where to Buy a Deceased Estate / Foreclosure Property

While deceased estates are commonly sold at auction, foreclosure properties may also be sold directly by estate agents or via an auction or online classified ads site like UmojaAA. In the case of pre-foreclosure properties, direct sales via online classified sites are highly popular with distressed buyers who are looking for a quick sale. If you are considering buying a distressed property, this can be an exciting place to start.

Deceased Estate / Foreclosure Property Buying Process

When buying a deceased estate there may be a certain amount of paperwork and bureaucracy to deal with. Before proceeding, you need to ask whether probate has been granted. Probate is the official proof that a will is valid. In the event that the owner died in another country, letters of administration will be required instead. Insist on a copy of the relevant documents in your country before you proceed with any purchase.

Once a price is agreed, you are required to pay a deposit. If probate is already granted, then the sale can proceed as normal. If it is not, there can be significant delays to the process, for example if the will is contested. If your purchase is subject to the granting of probate, it is a good idea to agree to a date by which the granting of probate must be achieved, giving you the right to terminate the contract if the seller fails to deliver. However these are suggestions to offer you a good experience at UmojaAA platform.

Foreclosure property purchases are often quicker than probate sales, so it is important to make sure you have everything in place before you begin.

• Organise your finances so that you are ready to move quickly.

• Have a reliable conveyancing lawyer or property lawyer in place to help you through the process from start to finish, who can be relied upon to organise your paperwork within the required often short timeframes.

• Ensure you have funds set aside for repairs and renovation. In many cases the previous owner will have been facing financial hardship and may not have kept the property in a good state of repair.

• Avoid buying sight-unseen, as this can increase the possibility of buying a property that needs more work than you expect.

• Do your research. Investigate property values in the area to be sure that you really are getting a bargain. Assess the potential for capital growth if you sell within a certain timescale, or, if you are planning to rent the property out as an investment, compare it with other properties in the area to get an idea of yield you can expect.

As with any property purchase, it is important to carry out legal and administrative checks thoroughly to identify any legal claims that a third party may have against the property. Typically, these legal claims might include easements, judgments, mortgages, property taxes, and other taxes such as income tax.

Property Legal Claims to Identify and Rectify:

How to Buy a Deceased Estate / Foreclosure Property on UmojaAA

Buying a deceased estate or a foreclosure property can be challenging, but it can also be a highly effective way of securing a property below market rate.

There is a wide variety of residential and commercial properties advertised on UmojaAA at any given time in locations all across Africa. To view the latest property listings click on this quick link: On UmojaAA.

You can further hone your search by entering your preferred location (for example ‘Bujumbura’) in the location box or clicking on the location’s name in the left-hand navigation.

Once you have found a potential home or commercial property, be absolutely sure to do your due diligence. When you are satisfied that everything is in order, you can proceed with buying your deceased estate or foreclosure property with confidence.

·       Introduction

Naturally, real estate comes with a seemingly endless string of important decisions, including cost, location, house size, amenities, just to name a few. One of the decisions you may need to make is whether to purchase a privately listed home (a home being sold by a seller that is selling it themselves rather than using a real estate broker).

·       Buying a Privately Listed Home

Buying property directly from the seller has certain benefits, such as the potential of paying a lower price. However, transactional pitfalls and legal trouble are real risks if you don’t know what to watch out for. This is because a private seller doesn’t have the help of a real estate agent nor the team of real estate professionals with whom an agent usually works.

Still, buying a privately listed home can be a rewarding choice; you just have to know what you’re doing. If you have your own real estate agent, they can aid you tremendously with their experience, insight, and knowledge of the location and home buying process. They can give you many tips and help you navigate the process to a successful end.

Whether you have your own real estate agent or not, you will need to pay close attention to a number of things, from property details to anything that can throw you into legal complications.

• Finding Your Ideal Home to Buy

As soon as you have the means or pre-approval of loan, you can start looking for the right home. UmojaAA is a great place to find privately listed properties. Bookmark properties you find interesting and contact the sellers, either with the site’s messaging system or through their preferred method of contact.

You’ll want to set up times to visit each prospective property. This way you can talk to the seller in person and gain a better understanding of information like property worth, sale timing, and the seller’s conditions. This initial visit can also help you determine whether this is a neighbourhood and a house that you can see yourself living in or worth for investment.

• Contacting the Private Home Seller

When you first contact the seller, do so by phone unless email is the only option available. Either way, communicate with a sense of professionalism. Decorum and respect will go a long way toward establishing a partnership and trust between you and the seller. This will be extremely important, especially later on when the time comes to negotiate the cost of the home and the closing conditions.

• Hire a Professional Property Appraiser, Lawyer and Home Inspector

You’ve found your dream property, you’re comfortable with the seller, and you’re ready to make an offer. But hold on: there are a couple of important steps to complete first. Because buying a house is a significant business transaction you’ve got to be sure to mitigate your economic and other risks in any way you can.

Seek the assistance of a professional home appraiser. The more your prospective property costs, the more important this becomes. You can also double-check home values on various websites, but these are just estimates; don’t forego the professional appraiser, as he or she will have the proper knowledge and will get the home values on comparable local homes.

You will also want to hire a real estate lawyer. Unless you are a licensed attorney or have years of experience, don’t try to draw up contracts yourself. A property transaction involves too much money to risk, and the fee you’ll pay a real estate lawyer now is much lower than what you stand to lose should you take legal matters into your own hands and things go wrong.

Your real estate lawyer will be able to help you through many aspects of the purchasing process, such as drawing up contracts, negotiating conditions, and even litigating fraud cases.

Another thing you’ll want to do is get a home inspection done by a professional home inspector. Choose a reputable home inspector to complete the inspection (ask for credentials). If any major problems are found during the inspection, you have a few options:

• Ask the seller to fix the problem (keep in mind that the seller has no obligation to do quality work or hire the best contractor)
• Ask the seller to credit you an appropriate amount of money so that you can hire your own contractor to complete the repairs after closing
• Ask for a lower sale price

If you have your own real estate agent, the agent will likely have a list of preferred property appraisers, lawyers, and home inspectors they are used to working with. You may choose to use their choices, as they likely are familiar with the agent, the area, and all the necessary procedures. However, if you prefer, you can choose to select ones of your own liking.

• Making an Offer on a House

Once you have decided on a house, spoken with the owner and agreed on a price or price range, consult with your real estate lawyer about making your offer. Discuss your thoughts on the house, your willingness to go forward with the transaction, and any factors that would make you not complete a deal for the house.

Your lawyer will then draft an offer to submit to the seller. During this process, you’ll want to negotiate as much as possible with the seller, always checking with your lawyer.

If you have your own real estate agent, consult with them instead and discuss the items mentioned above. They then will draft the offer for you or have their lawyer do it. Again, this is the time to negotiate with the buyer, checking with your agent to make sure any requests you have are sensible and good business.

• The Home Sale Agreement

Once you and the seller have agreed on all the terms and conditions and the seller has accepted your offer, it’s time to have your lawyer or your real estate agent finalise the sale agreement. This agreement will be signed by you and the seller and your mutual consent is the last step needed before loan approval and transaction closing.

• How to Buy a Privately Listed Home on UmojaAA
  

If you want to view the largest selection of homes for sale on UmojaAA, simply click on the “Real Estate” category at the top of the homepage, then click on “Property for Sale”. If you prefer to see only the privately listed homes for sale, on that page you would simply type “private sale” into the search box at the top.

You can hone your choices further by selecting houses for sale in a specific location, for example ‘homes for sale in Dodoma’. After you have clicked on “Property for Sale” as above, you can either type the locality in the location box that is just right of the search box, or you can click on the area under the “Places” category in the left-hand navigation.

You can tailor your listings even more to your specific needs and desires using other categories in the left navigation as well, such as the dwelling type, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, size, and other criteria.

Conclusion

Buying a privately listed home can present a few unique challenges but as long as you act carefully and hire a professional property appraiser, home inspector, and lawyer, it doesn’t have to be any more difficult than buying a home from a seller who has a real estate agent.

Buying a house from a seller that does not use a real estate agent often means a better deal for both the buyer and the seller. Just understand that you are sacrificing the expertise of real estate professionals, and be sure to do plenty of research so that you don’t overlook anything important. If you have your own real estate agent but the seller does not, your agent’s expertise may save you more money on the purchase than you pay them in agent fees.

Knowing what to expect and being prepared to learn as you find and purchase your new home can make the entire process go more smoothly. Before you know it, you’ll be renting a moving truck, having your mail forwarded, and getting ready to begin life in your new home.